{"id":35,"date":"2007-11-24T10:52:47","date_gmt":"2007-11-24T17:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/?p=35"},"modified":"2024-07-14T05:44:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T10:44:36","slug":"state-hospitals-are-still-snakepits-of-patient-abuse-betrayal-of-the-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/2007\/11\/24\/state-hospitals-are-still-snakepits-of-patient-abuse-betrayal-of-the-public\/","title":{"rendered":"STATE HOSPITALS ARE STILL SNAKEPITS OF PATIENT ABUSE, BETRAYAL OF THE PUBLIC"},"content":{"rendered":"

Numerous state psychiatric hospitals have recently been exposed for violations and\/or deficiencies in patient care and safety, including several that have come under U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) investigation. The reports show that these facilities are not safe, sanitary or rehabilitative places. The DOJ reports in particular found near-identical violations and deficiencies in each facility it investigated\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dincluding inappropriate, excessive or inadequately documented use of seclusion and restraints, as well as drugs being used as chemical restraints.
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The number of hospitals and the range of similar abuses throw up a red flag that says \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201csystemic patient civil rights abuses.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d
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Often referred to as \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201csnakepits\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d in the early 1900\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s, for prevalence of violence and degradation and absence of rehabilitation, today\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s state mental institutions don\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t appear to have changed much.
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The reports:
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 A 2007 Missouri state audit turned up \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201chundreds of people who work with the state\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s most vulnerable residents have a history of child abuse and neglect or other criminal activity. \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6 The audit turned up nearly 700 cases of people with questionable backgrounds working with the elderly, mentally ill and foster children at various state-run and state-licensed residential centers.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d 129 people with probable cases of child abuse and neglect were working at facilities run or licensed by the Department of Mental Health; 447 similar cases were found in the Department of Health and Senior Services; another 105 similar cases were found in the Department of Social Services. [xii]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 A 2006 investigation into the Missouri Department of Mental Health by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch found that “Mentally retarded and mentally ill people in Missouri have been sexually assaulted, beaten, injured and left to die by abusive and neglectful caregivers in a system that for years has failed at every level to safeguard them.” The investigation found rampant abuse and neglect of mentally retarded and mentally ill residents in state centers and in private facilities the state supervises. Since 2000, there have been 2,287 confirmed cases of abuse and neglect with 665 injuries and 21 deaths. [xiii]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 Investigators from the Connecticut state Department of Public Health visited the Connecticut Valley Hospital (CVH, Connecticut’s oldest and largest public psychiatric hospital) on September 12, 2007 to look into a patient suicide by hanging\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dthe fourth suicide at the hospital in as many years. While the suicide is tragic enough, the investigators found additional problems at the facility and cited it on behalf of the Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services, which provides millions of dollars of funding annually to CVH. Among the problems found was that patients are often restrained as \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cfirst resort\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d and as a staff convenience. [i]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 In August 2007, a Delaware state investigative committee held a four-hour hearing into abuses at the Delaware Psychiatric Center (DPC). Mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers addressed the committee in excruciating detail about the physical and sexual abuse of their loved ones\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dpatients of the DPC. A former DPC attendant was arrested following a police investigation into a patient whose jaw was broken in three places, on both sides of his mouth. DPC officials at first claimed the patient tripped and hit his chin on a bed frame. In August, state troopers also arrested another former attendant accused of raping a patient. [ii]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 A May 2007 study of conditions at the Georgia Regional Hospital in Atlanta, commissioned by the Georgia Department of Human Resources, uncovered numerous violations, including physical restraints of patients for no documented reason. The Department of Human Resources\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 report follows an investigation by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution <\/em>that reported at least 115 patients at Georgia\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s state hospital had died under suspicious circumstances between 2002 and 2006. The newspaper also found 194 confirmed cases of physical or sexual abuse. In the state hospital in Savannah, surveyors found, among other things, failure to document the reasons for the use of restraint or seclusion and the use of movies screenings and bingo counted as patient therapy sessions (indicative of fraud). [iii]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 A May 2006 report by the U.S. DOJ on California\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Patton State Hospital found that its psychiatry and psychology services \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201csubstantially depart from generally accepted professional standards of care and expose patients to\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6risk of harm and actual harm.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d The report runs down a litany of the facility\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s failures, including failure to properly diagnose; routine prescribing of inappropriate or unsafe medications without clinical justification; use of restraints and seclusion as a first course of action and the \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cstrikingly high\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d use of PRN (pro re nata,<\/em> \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cas needed\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d) medication as a form of chemical restraint. Further, it found the hospital failed to foster a safe environment for patients, citing 500 patient-on-patient acts of violence in the preceding six months and a recent trend of suicide and attempted suicide by hanging. [iv]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 Another May 2006 DOJ report on St. Elizabeth\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Hospital in Washington, DC found that the facility \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cfails to provide its patients with a reasonably safe living environment\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6patients are subjected to assaults and harm from elopements and suicides\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6are subjected to undue seclusion and restraints.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d One particularly egregious finding was that the hospital\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s forensic unit restrained or secluded patients for 1,387 hours on weekends compared to 63.62 hours during the week, which \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cindicates and over-reliance on\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6seclusion and restraints to compensate for shortage of staff\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6on weekends.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d The DOJ\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s 66-page report details deficiencies and violations and failures to meet the standard of care across all areas investigated. [v]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 The DOJ\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s July 5, 2005 report on Vermont State Hospital not surprisingly found, among other things, that the institution \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cconsistently uses seclusion and restraint as an intervention of first resort\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d; \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201coften uses seclusion and restraint for the convenience of staff and\/or as initial punishment\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d and that \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cOver 90% of restraint incidents at Vermont State Hospital involve strapping patients down to a bed in five-point restraints in a seclusion room – the most restrictive and dangerous form of intervention.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Similar to the aforementioned facilities, the DOJ found deficiencies, violations and departures from standard practice in all areas investigated. [vi]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 In March 2004, the U.S. DOJ released the findings of their investigation of all four North Carolina state hospitals, which include inappropriate use of restraints and seclusion and failure to ensure reasonable safety of patients. It cites several instances of patients being on combinations or high doses of psychotropic drugs in the absence of any justification in their records. It also reported that nearly half of all North Carolina state hospital patients have a regular or PRN order for benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) but no justification for such use in patients\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 records. \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cThis practice constitutes chemical restraint, which is in violation of federal regulations\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6and does not conform to generally accepted professional standards,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d the report states. It also reported that two of the hospitals forcefully administer drugs intramuscularly (via syringe) when patients refuse oral medication\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009da violation of patients\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 federal constitutional rights\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dand that in some cases, the forced intramuscular drug is different<\/em> than the one they refused to take. [vii]
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Sadly, these abuses are merely the tail end of psychiatry\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s long history of patient abuse and failure. A large book could easily be written on the continual state hospital abuses committed, investigated, prosecuted and documented. Here are just a few from the last 60 years to show that, psychiatrically speaking, times have not changed:
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 In the early part of last century, both public and government concern over deteriorating conditions inside U.S. mental institutions caused the American Medical Association to act. In 1931, the AMA hired a physician named John Grimes to conduct an investigation. He came back with an unexpectedly disturbing portrait of overcrowding and woefully inadequate patient diet. Facility attendants were found to conduct themselves like prison guards rather than facilitators of rehabilitation. Dr. Grimes concluded that the primary purpose of state hospitals was not medical but “legal.” [viii]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 In 1944, an Ohio grand jury investigating conditions at Cleveland State Hospital, where several patients had died after being beaten with belts, key rings, and metal-plated shoes, summed up the state of affairs: “The atmosphere reeks with the false notion that the mentally ill are criminals and subhumans who should be denied all human rights\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6” [ix]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 In May 1969, then-Illinois State Attorney Edward Hanrahan issued a report at the request of then-Governor Richard Ogilvie, on conditions at the Chicago State Hospital and the Tinley Park Mental Health Facility that found that \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cAll varieties of crime were discovered at both institutions\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6. Patients were assaulted, murdered and raped by fellow inmates and employees.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d [x]
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+<\/font>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 In April 1987, Pennsylvania State Public Welfare Secretary John F. White, Jr. formed a special task force to investigate Byberry State Hospital, a now-closed state institution with one of the most horrifying records of patient death and abuse. In September of that year, the group issued their report in which it said that patients were being neglected, beaten and sexually abused. The report called for \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cimmediate and drastic action to reverse the history of neglect, poor management, absence of treatment and rampant abuse.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d [xi]
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It is tempting to blame \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cthe system\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d in situations like these. Certainly the psychiatric system\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009das evidenced by nothing more than what has been exposed in America\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s public psychiatric institutions\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009droutinely and utterly fails its patients and the public but it is individuals<\/em> that commit abuses. Individuals<\/em> condone environments where abuse is the norm. Such individuals can and should be identified; their crimes against patients documented and criminal charges brought.
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Such abuse also prompts the question \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cWhat is the state paying for?\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d According to DOJ\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s findings and other reports, it appears that, broadly speaking, government and the public are being defrauded because these reports show that these facilities are generally failing to meet the standard of care. They are paid to provide such a standard and, in providing less or providing harmful \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201ccare,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d they commit fraud in general. The state hospital purpose appears to be one of keeping people institutionalized at the state\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s expense with no concept or intention of improvement or rehabilitation. One could conclude that the system exists in this condition not for the benefit of patients but for the purpose of keeping psychiatrists and mental health staff employed\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dpaid with tax dollars.
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Judging from foregoing reports, the state hospital appears to be a most fruitful source of criminal prosecution for patient abuse and fraud and should be high on any Medicaid administrator, fraud investigator, personal injury\/civil rights attorney and law enforcement\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s list.
\n<\/font><\/span>The Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR) was established in 1969 by the Church of Scientology to investigate and expose psychiatric violations of human rights. The CCHR documentary, \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cPsychiatry: An Industry of Death,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d exposes the origin of abuses in the early mental asylums and in the state hospitals right up to the present. You can purchase a copy at www.cchr.org<\/font><\/a>.
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[i] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cAnother investigation finds big problems at psychiatric hospital,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Associated Press, <\/em>19 Sept. 2007
\n[ii] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cFamilies tell of beatings, assaults,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d The News Journal, <\/em>22 Aug. 2007
\n[iii] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cReport blisters mental hospital\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, <\/em>9 May 2007
\n[iv] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cRe: Patton State Hospital, Patton, California,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Report to California Governor Schwarzenegger by the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, 2 May 2006
\n[v] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cRe: CRIPA Investigation of St. Elizabeth\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Hospital, Washington, D.C.,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Report to Washington, D.C. Mayor Williams by the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, 23 May 2006
\n[vi] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cRe: CRIPA Investigation of the Vermont State Hospital, Waterbury, Vermont,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Report to Vermont Governor Douglas by U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, 5 July 2005
\n[vii] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cRe: North Carolina\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Public Mental Health Hospitals, Dorothea Dix\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Report to North Carolina Governor Easley by the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, 17 Mar. 2004
\n[viii] John Maurice Grimes, Institutional Care of Mental Patients in the United States <\/em>(self-published, 1934), xiv, pp. 15-43, 95-99 and Albert Deutsch, The Shame of the States<\/em> (Harcourt, Brace, 1948), pp. <\/em>57-58 (as cited in Robert Whittaker, Mad in America <\/em>[Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA, Dec. 2001], p. 70)
\n[ix] Ibid. <\/em>p. 71
\n[x] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cMurder, vice in hospital, report says,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d Daily Telegraph,<\/em> 29 May 1969
\n[xi] William Ecenbarger, \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cThe shame that was Byberry,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d The Philadelphia Enquirer,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d <\/em>10 July 1988
\n[xii] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cCare centers hire many on abusers list,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d St. Louis Post-Dispatch<\/em>, 15 November 2007
\n[xiii] \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cThere\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s failure at every level of care,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d St. Louis Post-Dispatch<\/em>, 10 June 2006<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Numerous state psychiatric hospitals have recently been exposed for violations and\/or deficiencies in patient care and safety, including several that have come under U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) investigation. The reports show that these facilities are not safe, sanitary or … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-big-muddy-river-newsletter","category-press-releases"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6NMpC-z","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}