{"id":23,"date":"2007-09-10T18:49:33","date_gmt":"2007-09-11T01:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/?p=23"},"modified":"2024-07-14T05:44:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T10:44:36","slug":"the-rosenhan-experiments-still-valid-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/2007\/09\/10\/the-rosenhan-experiments-still-valid-today\/","title":{"rendered":"The Rosenhan Experiments &#8211; Still Valid Today"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><meta content=\"Microsoft Word 11 (filtered)\" name=\"Generator\" \/><\/p>\n<style>          <!--   \/* Font Definitions *\/   @font-face  \t{font-family:Verdana;  \tpanose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}  @font-face  \t{font-family:AntiquaSSK;  \tpanose-1:0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}  @font-face  \t{font-family:Tahoma;  \tpanose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}   \/* Style Definitions *\/   p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal  \t{margin:0in;  \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;  \tfont-size:12.0pt;  \tfont-family:Verdana;}  h1  \t{margin-top:12.0pt;  \tmargin-right:0in;  \tmargin-bottom:3.0pt;  \tmargin-left:0in;  \tpage-break-after:avoid;  \tfont-size:16.0pt;  \tfont-family:Arial;}  h2  \t{margin-top:12.0pt;  \tmargin-right:0in;  \tmargin-bottom:3.0pt;  \tmargin-left:0in;  \tpage-break-after:avoid;  \tfont-size:14.0pt;  \tfont-family:Arial;  \tfont-style:italic;}  a:link, span.MsoHyperlink  \t{color:blue;  \ttext-decoration:underline;}  a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed  \t{color:purple;  \ttext-decoration:underline;}  p.CCHRHeading, li.CCHRHeading, div.CCHRHeading  \t{margin-top:12.0pt;  \tmargin-right:0in;  \tmargin-bottom:3.0pt;  \tmargin-left:0in;  \ttext-align:center;  \tpage-break-after:avoid;  \tfont-size:18.0pt;  \tfont-family:AntiquaSSK;  \tfont-weight:bold;}  @page Section1  \t{size:8.5in 11.0in;  \tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}  div.Section1  \t{page:Section1;}  --><\/style>\n<div class=\"Section1\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">In 1972, Stanford psychologist <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosenhan_experiment\">David L. Rosenhan<\/a> conducted his classic experiments into the validity of psychiatric diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Eight people with no prior mental health issues were admitted to 12 different psychiatric hospitals around the country, each manifesting the same faked mental symptoms. All eight pseudopatients were diagnosed, admitted and treated \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 7 for schizophrenia and 1 for bipolar disorder.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">In a follow-up study, Rosenhan told the staff at one hospital that he would be sending random pseudopatients for evaluation during a particular three-month period, and they were to spot the imposters. Out of 193 patients, the staff considered 41 to be imposters. In fact, Rosenhan had sent them no pseudopatients at all.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Rosenhan concluded that, \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cIt is clear that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d and \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cany diagnostic process that lends itself too readily to massive errors of this sort cannot be a very reliable one.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">These experiments and results were hotly debated over the following years, with various members of the psychiatric community supporting or criticizing the experiments and the results. Similar studies were conducted with similar problematic diagnostic results.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Multiple studies have found that up to 90% of patients with mental symptoms had real, undiagnosed and untreated physical illnesses that were causing the so-called mental symptoms. When the physical illnesses were treated, the mental symptoms were alleviated.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">While psychiatrists continue to discount these results as merely \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201canecdotal,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d psychiatric assertions of \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cchemical imbalances\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d and \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201ctreatable brain disorders\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d are themselves no more than anecdotal reports.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Diagnostic confusion also led to the proliferation of psychiatry\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s billing bible, the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/em> (DSM). The DSM \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cis an unreliable, pseudoscientific document with enormous power to damage lives, while being used to rake in $76 billion a year in international psychiatric drug sales,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d according to CCHR\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s national U.S. president Bruce Wiseman. For more information on the DSM hoax, go to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cchr.org\/index.cfm\/6509\">http:\/\/www.cchr.org\/index.cfm\/6509<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Dr. Lisa Cosgrove, <span style=\"font-family: Tahoma\">a psychologist from the University of Massachusetts,<\/span> also raises crucial points about the lack of science behind the DSM, stating, \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cNo blood tests exist for the disorders in the DSM. It relies on judgments from practitioners who rely on the manual.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Back to square one \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 psychiatric diagnosis itself continues to be \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201canecdotal.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d At best it is arbitrary; at worst, harmful.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">The number of American children and adolescents treated for bipolar disorder increased 40-fold from 1994 to 2003, according to an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/09\/04\/health\/04psych.html?ei=5070&#038;en=e84d4b6fb4380ff7&#038;ex=1189569600&#038;adxnnl=1&#038;emc=eta1&#038;adxnnlx=1189379159-dc4AEhSP5SyhWlTDs9Mi+w\">article in the New York Times (September 4, 2007)<\/a>. The article states, \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cMany experts theorize that the jump reflects that doctors are more aggressively applying the diagnosis to children, and not that the incidence of the disorder has increased.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A contemporary advocate of children having bipolar disorder is psychiatrist Demitri F. Papolos, author of <em>The Bipolar Child<\/em>. However, in this, Papolos admits: \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cDiagnosis in psychiatry is a problem. After all, there are no lab tests that conclusively pinpoint a diagnosis\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a6.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">The sad fact is, any child diagnosed with bipolar\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009despecially after being previously labeled with some DSM disorder\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dand treated with psychiatric drugs, is most likely suffering drug-induced damage, both physically and mentally. The prevalence in \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cbipolar\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d diagnoses is really a massive psychiatric drug push to children. Pediatric neurologist Fred Baughman, Jr., wrote: \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cThe fact of the matter is\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dand a fact to which the country had better wake up\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dis that there is no abnormality to be found in any of psychiatry&#8217;s \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00cb\u0153diseases\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dnot in infants, not in toddlers, not in preschoolers, not at any age. Without invented \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00cb\u0153diseases,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 the psychiatric-pharmaceutical cartel would have nothing to treat. These are normal children with disciplinary and educational problems that can and must be resolved without recourse to drugs. Deceiving and drugging is not the practice of medicine. It is criminal.\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">There is a world of difference between the art of identifying symptoms and the science of finding and treating causes. Psychiatrists specialize in cataloguing symptoms and then try to convince people that the symptoms are causes and that their treatments work, merely because the symptoms appear to have dissipated or changed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">But these are not causes, they are just symptoms and their treatments have brought about a worsening of the person\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s condition. Blind to real causes, they remain blind to the consequences of their actions. And herein lies the most important truth concerning the plague of social problems characterizing our youth and general society today\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dpsychiatrists defining every child or adolescent problem in life as a \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cmental disorder,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d to be controlled by mind-altering drugs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Any medical doctor who takes the time to conduct a thorough physical examination of a child or adult exhibiting signs of what psychiatrists say are \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cmental disorders,\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d can find undiagnosed, untreated physical conditions. For example, decades ago, the term \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cmad as a hatter\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d stemmed from workers using mercury to prepare felt hats. The fumes and the quantity accidentally ingested produced an organic deterioration resulting eventually in dementia. Thus a sizeable number of hatters became \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u201cmad\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u009d as a result of chronic mercury pollution.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Any person labeled with a so-called psychiatric disorder needs to receive a thorough physical examination by a competent medical\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009dnot psychiatric\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009ddoctor to first determine what underlying physical condition is causing the manifestation, including, but not limited to testing for:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 lead or pesticide poisoning<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 thyroid conditions<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 diabetes<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 heart disease<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 worms<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 viral or bacterial infections<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 malnutrition<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 head injuries or tumors<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 allergies<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 vitamin and\/or mineral deficiencies<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c2\u00a2 mercury exposure<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1972, Stanford psychologist David L. Rosenhan conducted his classic experiments into the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 Eight people with no prior mental health issues were admitted to 12 different psychiatric hospitals around the country, each manifesting the same &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/2007\/09\/10\/the-rosenhan-experiments-still-valid-today\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-big-muddy-river-newsletter","category-press-releases"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6NMpC-n","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cchrstl.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}