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	<title>Citizens Commission on Human Rights of St. Louis &#187; Big Muddy River Newsletter</title>
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		<title>Vote for Missouri Proposition C</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/25/vote-for-missouri-proposition-c/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/25/vote-for-missouri-proposition-c/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2010 17:41:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Proposition C will help prevent Missourians from being forced to suffer fraudulent and abusive psychiatric treatment.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;">[If you do not vote in Missouri, then suggest this legislation to your own state legislators.]</p>
<p>The <strong>Missouri <a href="http://www.senate.mo.gov/10info/members/newsrel/d07/051110.pdf" target="_blank">Health Care Freedom Amendment</a>, Proposition C</strong> will appear on the August 3, 2010 statewide ballot in Missouri as a legislatively-referred  amendment. The proposed measure aims to block the federal  government from requiring people to buy health insurance and bans punishment for  those without health insurance. [<a href="http://www.senate.mo.gov/10info/house/bills/HB1764.htm" target="_blank">Read the full text of the amendment  here</a>.]</p>
<p>We urge all Missouri citizens to vote as their civic  duty. Here is some additional information about this amendment.</p>
<p>The act prohibits any federal law from interfering with  an individual’s health care freedom. If approved by Missouri voters, no federal  law could force a patient, employer, or health care provider to participate in  any government or privately run health care system.</p>
<p>The ballot will say, &#8220;Shall the Missouri Statutes be  amended to: &#8211; Deny the government authority to penalize citizens for refusing to  purchase private health insurance or infringe upon the right to offer or accept  direct payment for lawful healthcare services? &#8211; Modify laws regarding the  liquidation of certain domestic insurance companies?.&#8221;</p>
<p>As Senator Jane Cunningham (R-Chesterfield), the bill’s  sponsor, says, &#8220;This legislation simply protects the rights of Missourians to  choose their own health care products and services without fear of facing fines  or imprisonment. It doesn’t reject any federal health care option, nor take away  an individual’s choice to participate in the federal health care plan. The  measure expands options, not limits them.&#8221;</p>
<p>We think voting for this is a good idea because the  recently passed federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is laden with  language and funding for the psycho/pharmaceutical industry, which has a vested  interest in seeing every man, woman and child in America labeled with some  mental disorder and prescribed harmful psychiatric drugs.</p>
<p>Already, the mental health industry defrauds the  government up to $40 billion per year. If we divide that $40 billion by the  roughly 300 million citizens in the U.S., we are, each and every person in  America, already paying over $100 per year more than we should for health care.  This new federal health care law gives the mental health industry more patients  and more funds, inevitably leading to more fraud.</p>
<p>For some time there has been growing  concern that the medicalization of behavior is a principal driver of increased  health care costs in the mental health care industry. The medicalization of  unhappiness, for example, is a driver for the prescription of harmful and  addictive antidepressant drugs. Estimated direct costs associated with various  medicalized conditions (including ADHD, sadness, anxiety and behavioral  disorders) in the U.S. were approximately $77 billion in  2005.</p>
<p>This act will help prevent  Missourians from being forced to suffer fraudulent and abusive psychiatric  treatment and drugs mandated by the federal government.</p>
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		<title>Why psychiatry needs therapy</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/10/why-psychiatry-needs-therapy/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/10/why-psychiatry-needs-therapy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 20:33:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Broad exposure is now being given to the unscientific nature of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The February 27, 2010 issue of <em>The Wall Street Journal</em> carried an article called &#8220;<a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704188104575083700227601116.html?KEYWORDS=shorter">Why psychiatry needs therapy</a>,&#8221; by Edward Shorter, professor of history at the University of Toronto. Dr. Shorter is a social historian of medicine, specializing in the history of psychiatry.</p>
<p>Shorter says, &#8220;Psychiatry seems to have lost its way in a forest of poorly verified diagnoses and ineffectual medications. Patients who seek psychiatric help today for mood disorders stand a good chance of being diagnosed with a disease that doesn&#8217;t exist and treated with a medication little more effective than a placebo.&#8221;</p>
<p>Making fun of the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders </em>(DSM), psychiatry&#8217;s billing bible, is a pastime we understand, and Shorter makes short work of the DSM, calling it horse-trading in symptoms, &#8220;defining ever-widening circles of the population as mentally ill with vague and undifferentiated diagnoses.&#8221;</p>
<p>Although, to be sure, the DSM is no laughing matter, as it aims to eventually diagnose everyone with some form of mental illness for which harmful and addictive psychotropic drugs can be prescribed.</p>
<p>Here are some actual diagnoses of &#8220;mental disorders&#8221; in the DSM-IV (DSM fourth edition):</p>
<div>315.1 Mathematics Disorder</div>
<div>V15.81 Noncompliance With Treatment<br />
V61.20 Parent-Child Relational Problem</div>
<div>V62.82 Bereavement</div>
<div>V62.89 Religious or Spiritual Problem</div>
<div>292.89 Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Though it has become very influential since it first appeared in 1952, there is one crucial test the DSM has never passed: scientific validity. In fact, after more than 50 years of deception, broad exposure is now being given to the unscientific and ludicrous nature of this doorstop.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="http://www.cchr.org/quick-facts/disorders-voted-into-existence.html">Click here for more information about the DSM hoax</a>.</div>
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		<title>Support Ron Paul&#8217;s Parental Consent Act</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/07/support-ron-pauls-parental-consent-act/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/07/support-ron-pauls-parental-consent-act/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:54:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=301</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is a VERY crucial and easy action everyone can do in support of parental rights.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>This is a VERY crucial and easy action everyone can do in support of parental rights — <a href="http://www.petitiononline.com/rppca/petition.html">Please sign this petition in support of Congressman Ron Paul’s Parental Consent Act</a>.</div>
<div>This is still an active bill, so sign the petition in support of this<br />
bill created by the parents’ rights group <a href="http://www.ablechild.org">AbleChild.org</a>, and pass it on!</div>
<div>See <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft1RDGVq2LA">this two-minute video</a> below for background on this bill featuring Kent Snyder, Ron Paul’s 2008 Presidential Campaign manager.</div>
<div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft1RDGVq2LA"><img class="alignright" style="border: 0pt none;" src="http://www.cchrint.org/images/promo/Kent_Snyder_070610.jpg" border="0" alt="" hspace="0" width="400" align="baseline" /></a></div>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft1RDGVq2LA">Click here to watch the video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft1RDGVq2LA</a></p>
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		<title>Drug-Induced Mood Disorders</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/01/drug-induced-mood-disorders/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/07/01/drug-induced-mood-disorders/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2010 01:58:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=298</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[How can one tell if mental symptoms are drug-related?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mood disorders such as depression have been a known adverse side effect of drug use since at least the 1950&#8217;s.</p>
<p>A drug-induced mood disorder is the onset of symptoms of mental distress while a person is taking or withdrawing from these drugs.</p>
<p>Despite the plethora of reported cases, there are few controlled studies of this phenomenon. Many different drugs have been implicated in the onset of drug-induced mental symptoms. Many different hypotheses have been put forward regarding the etiology of these reactions, but since the actual action of many of these drugs is unknown, these are mostly just guesses.</p>
<p>The <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition</em> (DSM-IV) even has multiple categories for this &#8220;mental illness,&#8221; for example:</p>
<p>291.8 Alcohol-Induced Mood Disorder<br />
292.84 Substance-Induced Mood Disorder, and so on.</p>
<p>The many possible symptoms of mental stress caused by drug use or withdrawal make it easy to receive an unfounded or fraudulent diagnosis; i.e. a diagnosis of some psychiatric disorder rather than an adverse drug reaction. Naturally, diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder is treated with a psychiatric drug, adding to the drug-induced stress.</p>
<p>Common symptoms arising from the adverse effects of drugs include depression, fatigue, insomnia or other sleep problems, irritability, gastro-intestinal problems, mania, inattention, lack of motor control, suicidal thoughts, hallucinations. Elderly patients may be more likely to take drugs and therefore may have a greater exposure to the risks of adverse drug reactions.</p>
<p>How can one tell if mental symptoms are drug-related? Quick resolution of symptoms after stopping the drug is a good clue, although one must also watch for withdrawal effects. No one should stop taking any psychiatric drug without the advice and assistance of a competent non-psychiatric medical doctor. In any case, a thorough, searching medical examination by a non-psychiatric medical doctor is encouraged to find and treat any real medical conditions that are contributing to the problems.</p>
<p>For more information about the side effects of common psychiatric drugs, go to <a href="http://www.cchrstl.org/sideeffects.shtml">http://www.cchrstl.org/sideeffects.shtml</a>.</p>
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		<title>Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/29/antidepressant-use-during-pregnancy/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/29/antidepressant-use-during-pregnancy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 2010 00:26:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=296</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pregnant women who use antidepressants have an overall 68% increased risk of miscarriage.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pregnant women who use antidepressants have an overall 68% increased risk of miscarriage compared with those who do not take them.</p>
<p>Dr. Anick Bérard, a professor at the University of Montreal, and her team conducted a study that was published May 31 in the <em><a href="http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/abstract/cmaj.091208v1?maxtoshow=&amp;hits=10&amp;RESULTFORMAT=&amp;fulltext=berard&amp;searchid=1&amp;FIRSTINDEX=0&amp;sortspec=date&amp;resourcetype=HWCIT">Canadian Medical Association Journal</a></em>, saying that antidepressants, particularly paroxetine and venlafaxine, were associated with increased risk of miscarriage, and a combination of different antidepressants doubled the risk of miscarriage.</p>
<p>Up to 3.7% of pregnant women receive antidepressants during the first trimester. Antidepressants have also been associated with birth defects.</p>
<p>The generic paroxetine is an SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) found in various brands such as Aropax, Deroxat, Paroxat, Paxil, Pexeva, Seropram, and Seroxat.</p>
<p>The generic venlafaxine is an SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor) found in various brands such as Dobupal, Efectin, Effexor, and Pristiq.</p>
<p>These drugs also carry an increased risk of suicide. Warnings against using these drugs during pregnancy have been periodically issued since at least 2005.</p>
<p>Psychiatric drug use during pregnancy has another potential consequence: antidepressants may have a deleterious effect on a developing baby’s brain. In one study, children exposed to antidepressants in the womb are more likely to appear sad or withdrawn at age 3 than those whose moms did not take these drugs. ["Prenatal Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants ..."; Oberlander, Papsdorf, Brain, Misri, Ross, and Grunau; <em>Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine</em>, 2010;164(5):444-451]</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cchrstl.org/sideeffects.shtml">Click here </a>for more information about the side effects of psychiatric drugs.</p>
<p><em>The true resolution of many mental difficulties begins, not with a checklist of symptoms, but with ensuring that a competent, non-psychiatric physician completes a thorough physical examination.</em></p>
<p><em>Recognize that the real problem is that psychiatrists fraudulently diagnose life&#8217;s problems as an &#8220;illness&#8221;, and stigmatize unwanted behavior or study problems as &#8220;diseases.&#8221; Psychiatry&#8217;s stigmatizing labels, programs and treatments are harmful junk science; their diagnoses of &#8220;mental disorders&#8221; are a hoax &#8211; unscientific, fraudulent and harmful. All psychiatric treatments, not just psychiatric drugs, are dangerous.</em></p>
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		<title>Psychiatrists Target Infants as Mental Patients</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/25/psychiatrists-target-infants-as-mental-patients/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/25/psychiatrists-target-infants-as-mental-patients/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Jun 2010 02:27:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=294</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Psychiatry's Brave New World: Diagnosing and Drugging children and infants before they become "mentally ill."]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://www.cchrint.org/images/promo/baby_blog_image_459x300.jpg" border="0" alt="baby" hspace="0" width="400" align="baseline" /></div>
<div><strong><em>Psychiatry&#8217;s Brave New World: Diagnosing and Drugging children and infants before they become &#8220;mentally ill.&#8221;</em></strong></div>
<div>A new study, published in the <em>American Journal of Psychiatry</em> and headed by psychiatrist John H. Gilmore, professor of psychiatry and Director of UNC Schizophrenia Research, claims to be able to detect &#8220;brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia risk&#8221; in infants just a few weeks old.</div>
<div>We would like to point out the obvious flaw in this bogus study: there is no medical/scientific test in existence showing that schizophrenia is a physical disease or brain abnormality to start with.</div>
<div>There is not one chemical imbalance test, X-ray, MRI or any other test for schizophrenia, not one. So with no evidence of medical abnormality to start with, the “associated with schizophrenia risk” amounts to what George Orwell called Doublespeak (language that deliberately disguises, distorts, misleads)—it means nothing.</div>
<p><a href="http://www.cchrint.org/2010/06/23/pre-crime-try-pre-diagnose-and-pre-drug-psychiatrists-target-infants-as-mental-patients/">Read the rest of this article here</a>.</p>
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		<title>Anatomy of an Epidemic</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/20/anatomy-of-an-epidemic/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/20/anatomy-of-an-epidemic/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jun 2010 13:21:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=292</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs, and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs, and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">A comprehensive and highly readable history of psychiatry in the United States.</p>
<p style="float: left; margin-right: 10pt;"><a title="Anatomy of an Epidemic" href="http://robertwhitaker.org/robertwhitaker.org/Anatomy%20of%20an%20Epidemic.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://robertwhitaker.org/robertwhitaker.org/Home_files/AnaotmyEpidemic_20c.png" border="0" alt="" /></a></p>
<p>Robert Whitaker, author of <a title="Mad in America" href="http://robertwhitaker.org/robertwhitaker.org/Mad%20in%20America.html" target="_blank">Mad in America</a>, has a new book, <a title="Anatomy of an Epidemic" href="http://robertwhitaker.org/robertwhitaker.org/Anatomy%20of%20an%20Epidemic.html" target="_blank">Anatomy of an Epidemic</a>, which looks at the history of mental illness in America, with disturbing results.</p>
<p>Why has the number of adults and children disabled by mental illness skyrocketed over the past fifty years? There are now more than four million people in the United States who receive a government disability check because of a “mental illness,” and the number continues to soar.</p>
<p>Every day, 850 adults and 250 children with symptoms of mental distress are added to the government disability rolls. What is going on? Are they really being helped by psychiatric drugs, or are these drugs really a colossal hoax?</p>
<p><a title="Amazon.com" href="http://www.amazon.com/Anatomy-Epidemic-Bullets-Psychiatric-Astonishing/dp/0307452417" target="_blank">Check it out!</a></p>
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		<title>Antidepressants: Addiction &amp; Withdrawal</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/16/antidepressants-addiction-withdrawal/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/16/antidepressants-addiction-withdrawal/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jun 2010 00:55:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=291</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Litigation over antidepressant–induced suicide, withdrawal and birth defects.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Watch this new two-minute CCHR video —</p>
<h3>How GlaxoSmithKline had to pay out over 1.1 Billion Dollars in litigation over the antidepressant Paxil (so far&#8230;)</h3>
<p>Featuring attorney Karen Barth Menzies, who has been at the forefront<br />
of the SSRI antidepressant litigation for more than a decade against<br />
defendants such as GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Pfizer and Eli Lilly, in cases<br />
involving antidepressant–induced suicide, withdrawal and birth defects.</p>
<p>Click here to watch: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mpex0n0DXuc" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mpex0n0DXuc</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mpex0n0DXuc" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.cchrint.org/images/promo/karen_email_500x277.jpg" border="0" alt="Attorney Karen Barth Menzies" width="500" height="277" /></a></p>
<p>Attorney Karen Barth Menzies</p>
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		<title>Medication Madness</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/15/medication-madness/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/15/medication-madness/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jun 2010 12:18:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=289</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Role of Psychiatric Drugs in Cases of Violence, Suicide and Murder.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="float: left; margin-right: 10pt;"><a style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://breggin.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=55&amp;Itemid=79" target="_blank"><img src="http://breggin.com/images/stories/breggin/medmadnessbig.gif" alt="Medication Madness" width="150" /></a></div>
<p><a style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://breggin.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=55&amp;Itemid=79" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Medication Madness</span></a><br />
The Role of Psychiatric Drugs in Cases of Violence, Suicide and Murder<br />
by Peter Breggin, M.D.<br />
St. Martin’s Press 2008</p>
<p>Watch a 10-minute video interview of Dr. Breggin discussing his book here:</p>
<p><a style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJ8zBCSAxZE">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJ8zBCSAxZE</a></p>
<p>The program “Your Turn with Kathy Fountain” aired on Tampa FOX 13 TV on Friday, December 26, 2008.</p>
<div style="float: none;">
<p>This book documents how the FDA, the medical establishment and the<br />
pharmaceutical industry have over–sold the value of psychiatric drugs.<br />
It serves as a cautionary tale about our reliance on potentially dangerous psychoactive chemicals to relieve our emotional problems and provides a positive approach to taking personal charge of our lives.</p>
</div>
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		<title>The Costs of Medicalization</title>
		<link>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/11/the-costs-of-medicalization/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/06/11/the-costs-of-medicalization/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jun 2010 03:21:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>cchrstl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Big Muddy River Newsletter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cchrstl.org/wordpress/?p=287</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The medicalization of behavior is a principal driver of increased health care costs.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Medicalization is the process by which non–medical problems, such as normal  life events, become defined and treated as medical problems, usually as  illnesses or disorders.</p>
<p>For some time there has been growing concern that the medicalization of  behavior is a principal driver of <a href="http://cchrstl.org/parity.shtml">increased health care costs </a>in  the mental health care industry. The <a href="http://psychrights.org/articles/SSRIs.pdf">medicalization of  unhappiness</a>, for example, is a driver for the prescription of <a href="http://cchrstl.org/sideeffects.shtml">harmful antidepressant  drugs</a>.</p>
<p>Peter Conrad, a sociologist at Brandeis University, and his team have  published a recent paper in which they estimate the costs of medicalization ["<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VBF-4YK2F7H-6&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2010&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_searchStrId=1352509630&amp;_rerunOrigin=google&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=4128882f72b3b21ffe4896f2d0653cc6">Estimating  the costs of medicalization</a>" <em>Social Science &amp; Medicine</em>, Volume  70, Issue 12, June 2010, Pages 1943-1947].</p>
<p>The paper estimates direct costs associated with twelve medicalized  conditions (including ADHD, sadness, anxiety and behavioral disorders) in the  U.S. at approximately $77 billion in 2005, which was 3.9% of the total domestic  expenditures on health care. This amounts to about $256 per person for the  current U.S. population of roughly 300 million.</p>
<p>Conrad is quoted as saying, &#8220;We spend more on these medicalized conditions  than on cancer, heart disease, or public health.&#8221; [<em><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100517152536.htm">Science  Daily</a></em>]</p>
<p>Certainly one of the primary culprits of mental health medicalization is the  <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em> (DSM) which is <a href="http://cchrstl.org/wordpress/2010/05/14/a-brief-report-on-the-unreliability-of-the-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-of-mental-disorders-dsm/">currently  being revised </a>to include even more medicalized behavioral disorders, for  which more harmful drugs can be prescribed.</p>
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